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细节题 (detail questions) 考查考生对托福听力对话或讲座重要细节的理解。50%的托福听力题是细节题。每一个托福对话或讲座都至少会出2~3到细节题。细节题主要考查与对话或讲座主旨相关的重要细节。
例如：重要概念的定义或解释，事物、现象或理论的特点，以及教授讲解时所列举的重要例子等等。
细节题常见的问题形式
1. What is X?
2. Which of the area does the picture illustrate?
3. According to the professor, what is one way that X can affect Y?
4. According to the professor, what is the main problem with the X theory?
5. Why does the university do X?
6. What resulted from the invention of the X?
7. Why does the professor mention...?
做题技巧
无论是托福听力对话还是讲座，做细节题的关键都是做好听力笔记，根据笔记做题。细节题更是极其依赖听力笔记的题型。细节题只考查重要细节，通常是与主旨相关的，不会考到很细小的细节。总之，需要关注概念解释、事物特征、比较、例子、因果转折后和强调后的内容，做好笔记。如果笔记做的不是很好，无法确定正确选项，就选择一个较符合会话或讲座主题的选项。
引出答案的信号词和信号句
1. 当教授用5W-H ( what, who, when, where, why, how)自问自答时，回答常常是细节题的答案。
2. 下定义或解释概念
That is why they are called...
Basically, what this says...
The general definition is...
... is know/defined as...
The term means...
3. 表建议
Why not/ Why don’t you...
You should...
What about/ How about...
You’d better...
I suggest / recommend...
Have you tried...
4. 表特征
The main feature(s)/ character(s)/ characteristic(s)/ is/ are...
Concerning X’s appearance...
X is made up of ...
They can.../ They can be used ...
5. 表转折
but, however, in fact,
actually, yet, while, unless...
6. 表强调
remember, keep in mind,
be sure to note that...,
pay special attention to...
7. 表举例
for example, for instance,
to exemplify, to illustrate,
let’s consider the case of...
8. 表因果
because (of), since,
due to, as a result of,
resulting from, that is why...
做题步骤
1. 查看笔记，要注意按照笔记所记细节的顺序找答案的位置，因为托福听力的出题顺序一般与录音顺序一致，即与笔记顺序一致。
2. 分析选项：将选项与笔记进行比较，通常答案都是笔记内容的同义替换。
3. 确定答案
Tips 正确选项 VS 错误选项
正确：
1. 原文中对该专业词汇的正确解释
2. 原文重要细节的同义词替换
错误：
1. 虽然重复听力原文的原词，但偷换概念
2. 错误信息或是另外一题的信息
3. 文中根本就没有提到的信息
4. 不符合常识的答案
5. 用主旨题的信息答细节题
举个栗子：
Male Student: Oh, I see what you mean. Umm, is that that stuff about “hopping genes,” or something like that?
Female Student: Right. Although actually they’re called “jumping genes,” not “hopping genes.”
Male Student: Oh, OK. Jumping genes.
Female Student: Yeah, but they have another name, too, that I can’t think of. Umm... let me see if I can find it here in the book...
Male Student: I thank it’s probably on...
Female Student: Oh, OK. Here it is. Transposons. That’s what they’re called.
Male Student: Let me see. OK. Trans-po-sons, trans-posons. So“transposons” is another name for a jumping gene?
Female Student: Right. And these transposons are, you know, like, little bits od DNA that are able to move form one cell to another. That’s why they’re called “jumping genes.” They kind of, you know, “jump” from one cell to another.
Male Student: OK
According to the conversation, why are transposons sometimes called“jumping genes”?
A. They are able to move form one bacteria cell to another.
B. They are found in people with exceptional jumping ability.
C. They occur in every other generation of bacteria.
D. Their movements are rapid and unpredictable.
这是一道典型的考概念解释的细节题。问的是为什么 “transposons” 有时候也被叫做 “jumping genes”。
首先，对话里多次出现表示概念定义的信号词 “is called”, “name”，因此容易出概念解释方面的细节题。信号句后出现的重点概念 “jumping genes” 和“transposons” 及概念的解释 “And these transposons ... are able to move form one cell to another. ”
其次出现了原因信号词 “That’s why”，信号词后是重点：“ ‘jump’ from one cell to another”。同义词替换后得出正确选项为：“They are able to move form one bacteria cell to another”。
以上就是针对托福听力细节题的解题策略及技巧，希望你能有所收获。
