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我国人在口语表达的过程中,讲究“字正腔圆、落地有声”,但英语恰恰相反,所以导致了我们在雅思考试中会发现有很多句子听不懂,雅思听力有些词汇听不懂怎么办?雅思听力如何攻克连读略读难点?
连读
发音规则一
辅音+元音
一句话中相邻的两个单词,前一个单词以辅音结尾,后一个单词以元音开始,拼读成“辅音+元音”。
讲解:你还记得汉语拼音中有些单词xi'an(西安)、ku'ai(酷爱)吗?如果去掉隔音符,就成了xian(先)、kuai(快)了。英文中几乎所有的句子都是从头拼到尾,简单地说:连音就是两个单词相遇能拼读就拼,不能拼读就让过。
例如:Take~it~easy
发音规则二
元音+元音
一句话中相邻的两个单词,前一个单词以元音结尾,后一个单词以元音开始,则在两个元音之间加上一个轻微的 [j] 或 [w] 的音,拼读成“元音+ [j] 或 [w] +元音”。
元音与元音的连音是一种自然滑过后带出来的音。当你的发音接近流利时,你会发现不用刻意去发 [j] 和 [w] 就可以有效果,所以尽管放松地去练习,模仿是*老师。
发音规则三
省略【h】的连读
在连音规则中,以“h”开头的单词 [h] 音近乎省略。因为 [h] 发音很特殊——只是出气没有摩擦,所以拼读时好像被省略了。
1、Does~he know?
2、What~happened?
3、Please give~him a hand!
略读
英文较明显的语音规则除了连读外,就是略读了。爆破音和爆破音相邻,*个爆破音只形成阻碍,但不发生爆破,称为失爆;爆破音和其他辅音相邻,该爆破音不完*爆破。
英语语音中的失爆和不完*爆破现象,我们简称为“略读”。略读是英语语音学习的重点,也是一个难点,掌握好略读,也就掌握了地道英语发音的制胜法宝!
注意:略读时并不是把整个音丢掉,而是发音时点到为止,有口型不发音或轻微发音。
重要*名词--爆破音:[p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [g]
爆破音+爆破音=失去爆破
六个爆破音中任意两个相遇,一个爆破音后紧跟着另一个爆破音时,前面一个音点到为止,形成阻碍,但不发生爆破;第二个音完*爆破;若第二个爆破音在词尾,则必须轻化。
以一个爆破音结尾并以同一个爆破音开始时,只发一次音,前一个音只做好发音准备而不发音,直接发第二个音。
单词内失爆
1.active=a(c)tive [k]+[t]
Students are encouraged to be active in class.
2.blackboard=blac(k)board [k]+[b]
Our class has a large blackboard.
3.dictation=di(k)tation [k]+[t]
We'll have dictation today.
4.football=foo(t)ball [t]+[b]
There is going to be a football match tonight. Shall we watch it together?
5.goodbye=goo(d)bye [d]+[b]
She waved me goodbye.
句子内失爆
以上列举的失爆和不完*爆破现象,都发生在单词内,实际上,在一个句子或者词组中,相邻的两个单词出现失爆和不完*爆破现象的几率要大于出现在单词内。
1.Stop talking!=Sto(p)-talking!
2.I don't care.=I don'(t) -care.
3.I had a bad cold.=I had a ba(d)-cold.
爆破音[t]和[d]+鼻辅音[m]和[n]
爆破音[t]和[d]后面紧跟鼻辅音[m]和[n],[t]和[d]形成阻碍,在词末必须通过鼻腔爆破;发音时,舌尖紧贴上齿龈,稍放开立刻贴回,从爆破音到鼻音舌位不变,让气流通过鼻腔冲出,在词中则不完*爆破。
[t]和[d]+[m]和[n]在词末
1. Britain [tn]
Britain is made up of England, Scotland,Wales and Northern Ireland.
2、certain [tn]
They are certain to agree.
3、frighten [tn]
The high prices frighten off many customers.
[t]和[d]+[m]和[n]在词中
1、admire=a(d)mire [d]=[m]
I really admire your enthusiasm.
2、admit=a(d)mit [d]+[m]
She admits to being strict with her children.
3、goodness=goo(d)ness [d]+[n]
Thank goodness!
[t]和[d]+[m]和[n]在句中
1、Good morning!=Goo(d)-morning!
2、Let me take a look.=Le(t)-me take a look.
3、I don't know what to say.=I don'(t)-know what to say.
爆破音[t]和[d]+舌边音[l]
爆破音[t]和[d]后面紧跟舌边音[l],则必须由舌两边爆破,这种情况多发生在词尾。爆破音爆破音[t]和[d]后面紧跟清晰舌边[l],则为不完*爆破。
[t]和[d]+[l]在词末
1.battle [t]+[l]
Any soldiers were killed in the battle.
2.gentle [t]+[l]
His soap is very gentle on the hands.
3.little [t]+[l]
I'm a little tired.
4.settle [t]+[l]
The company has agreed to settle out of court.
5.title [t]+[l]
Give your name and title。
[t]和[d]+[l]在词中
1.heartless=hear(t)less [t]+[l]
The decision does seem a little heartless.
2.lately=la(te)ly [t]+[l]
Have you seen him lately?
3.badly=ba(d)ly [d]+[l]
Things have been going badly.
4.needless=nee(d)less [d]+[l]
Banning somking would save needless deaths.
[t]和[d]+[l]在句中
1.Good luck!=Goo(d)-luck!
2.I would like to have one.=I woul(d) like to have one.
3.At last, we made it to his party.=A(t) last, we made it to his party.
爆破音+摩擦音/破擦音=失去爆破
当爆破音后紧跟着摩擦音和破擦音时,该爆破音形成阻碍,但不完*爆破。
摩擦音:[f][v][θ][ ð][s][ z][ ʃ][ ʒ ][h][r]
破擦音:[ts]-[dz],[tr]-[dr],[tʃ]-[dʒ]
单词内失爆
1.advance=a(d)vance [d]+[v]
We live in an age of rapid technologcical advance.
2.bookshop=boo(k)shop [k]+[ ʃ]
The bookshop opens at 7 o'clock in the morning.
3.helpful=hel(p)ful [p]+[f]
A: Sorry, I can't be more helpful.
B: Thank you. You're been very helpful.
4.lecture=le(c)ture [k]+[tʃ]
Mr Li is giving a lecture to first-year students.
5.object=o(b)ject [b]+[dʒ]
The object is to educate people about road safety.
句子内失爆
1.You look fantastic.=You loo(k)-fantastic.
2.I'll get there by ten.=I'll ge(t) there by ten.
3.Let's have a good chat.=Let's have a goo(d)-chat.
4.I haven't read the book.=I haven'(t)-read the book.
5.Wish you a great success!=Wish you a grea(t)-success!
6.Put the book on the desk.=Pu(t)-the book on the desk.
7.She is one of my old friends.=She is one of my ol(d)-friends.
8.I'd like a room with a good view.=I'd like a room with a goo(d) view.
9.I am quite sure that you will win.=I am qui(te) sure that you will win.
10.Don't judge people only by appearance.=Don'(t) judge people only by appearance.
断句
当句子较长时,人们会觉得很难一口气把话说完。这时,可以按语义和语法的关系把句子分为若干段,每一段就是一个意群。换句话说,意群就是可以构成一个相对独立意思的一段,是组成句子的部件。
意群和意群之间可以有一定的停顿,这种停顿和人们的思维活动是一致的。但一个意群中的各个单词之间则不可停顿,整个意群读下来就像一个长单词一样。记住:英语不是一个词一个词地说的。
例1:Repeating after tapes is very inportant for beginners.
意群:Repeating after tapes | is very inportant | for beginners.
跟读录音带对于初学者来说,是非常重要的。
例2:Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, happy, and wise.
意群:Early to bed | and early to rise | makes a man | healthy, happy, and wise.
睡得早,起得早,健康、快乐、头脑好。
例3:Liu Xiang, who's a brilliant runner,represented China at Olympic Games.
意群:Liu Xiang, | who's a brilliant runner, | represented China | at Olympic Games.
*的跑步运动员刘翔代表我国参加了奥运会。
例4:But the most important argument for a broad education is that in studying the accumulated wisdom of the ages, we improve our moral sense.
意群:But | the most important argument | for a broad education | is that | in studying the accumulated wisdom of the ages, | we improve our moral sense.
但普及教育较重要的原因在于通过学习前任所凝结的智慧结晶,使我们的是非道德观得以改善。
意群之间的停顿,根据说话人的情况而定,并非一定要停顿不可。但如有停顿,则必须在意群之间,随意乱停就破坏了语言的节奏。
句子的重音
英语中有一则有关句子重音的笑话:有一个人去邮局买了一张邮票,准备发信,他问:“Must I stick it on myself?”由于on 不该重读而重读了,原意“我自己贴(在信封)上吗?”却成了“我得把邮票贴自己身上吗?”结果出了洋相。可见,正确处理句子重读*不可忽视。
句子重读的一般规则
在连贯的话语中,不可能所有的词都同样重要,必须有些词较为关键,有些词则相对次要一些。一般来说,关键词需要重读,这就是句子的重音,而其他词则不必重读。或者可以说成:实词重读,虚词不重读。
一般需要重读的词(实词/关键词):
实义动词、名词、形容词、副词、数词、疑问词和感叹词等。
一般需要重读的词(虚词/非关键词):
助动词、情态动词、冠词、介词、连词、物主代词、关系代词和关系副词等。
另外,人称代词、连词、介词和助动词等一般不重读,但在特定情景中,也需要重读。如人称代词做并列主语或宾语时需重读,句首的介词也需要重读,做主语或宾语的指示代词也需要重读。
在听力考试中,句子重音可以帮助考生找到关键词,并把握住主要意思,正确理解所听的内容。一般情况下,在不需要特别强调或对比某些内容时,句子的重音通常落在较后一个出现的实词上。
句子的逻辑重音
句子的重音总是要表现说话人的思想和他所表达意思的重点,有时为了强调,句子中几乎任何词都可以有句子重音,包括一些通常没有句子重音的词,这种依说话者意图重读的音就是逻辑重音。
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