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关联词是指使得词和词之间,句与句之间关系更加紧密的词或词组,也就是我们常说的信号词,有兴趣的小伙伴赶快和小编一起来学习一下吧!
不管在雅思听说读写四门中的任何一门都需要用到这类词,以使得句子理解或描述更加流畅,句意更加明晰。在雅思阅读中,关联词在解题,尤其是Summary和List of Headings题中的应用尤为重要。现在我们先来看看关联词的具体分类。总结过去的题目认为,关联词按照用法主要可以分为两大类——支持类关联词和反对类关联词。
1、关联词之支持类关联词
支持类关联词,即用上此类词或词组,句子内部或句子间的方向没有发生改变,只是根据前面的句意进一步延伸和细化,对前面的词和句子起到支撑和补充作用。当然,从这个意义上来说,这种词不一定都是连词。
◊ 举例关联词:for example, for instance, e.g., such as, like, take sth. for example, in particular, specifically
◊ 类比关联词:like, alike, similar, same, as, resemble, in comparison, compare
◊ 条件关联词:If, Only if, given that, in case of, unless, as long as , supposing that but for
◊ 选择,并列和递进关联词:or, either…or, and, as well, also, besides, apart from, in addition, what’s more, furthermore, moreover, (分号;)
◊ 因果关联词:
• 表示由......引起的,后接塬因的词或词组:because, since, as, because of, as a result of, as a consequence of, due to, result from, be attributed to, be contributed to, arise from, stem from, owing to, thanks to, in that
• 表示导致,后接结果的词或者词组:so, therefore, thus, as a result, as a consequence, hence, lead to, result in, attribute to, contribute to, give rise to, bring about, generate, breed, trigger, incur
◊ 总结关联词:in conclusion, to conclude, to sum up, in sum, all in all, in brief
2、关联词之反对类关联词
反对类关联词,即用上此类词或词组,句子内部或句子间的方向、句义发生颠覆性的改变,使前后句子意思形成相反关系,这类词包含:
◊ 否定关联词:not, none, no, never, non-, dis-, un-, in-, im-, -less, few, little, hardly, barely, seldom, neither…nor
◊ 对比关联词:unlike, by contrast, in contrast, on the contrary, conversely
◊ 转折和让步关联词:but, however, yet, nevertheless, nonetheless, in fact, actually, despite, in spite of, although, even though, though
(注:虽然in fact, actually这种词并不属于转折、让步类关联词,但是因为用上这两个词或词组后,句义通常会产生很大改变,因此笔者也把它们收录于此类关联)
◊ 虚拟语气词:if … were, if ... had done, if ... would do
(注:以上各类关联词中所举的例子仅仅只是常见的一部分,并不涵盖*部)
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