托福词汇：流传至今的莎士比亚段子（一）

　　在托福词汇中，有不少从莎士比亚时期流传下来的词汇和短语，这些段子正是由莎士比亚创造的，有一些我们到现在仍然经常使用，大家都知道莎士比亚写过很多伟大的戏剧，这些沿用至今的词汇正是英语中的瑰宝，接下来就跟小编一起来看看吧!

　　"The green-eyed monster"

　　绿眼睛的怪物

　　"Oh, beware, my lord, of jealousy!

　　It is the green-eyed monster which doth mock

　　The meat it feeds on."

　　“哦，我的主人，请当心嫉妒!

　　它是绿眼睛的怪物只会愚弄

　　自己的盘中肉”

　　莎士比亚用法：

　　Iago says this phrase as he plants doubts in Othello's mind about his wife's faithfulness. Merriam-Webster writes that he may have been evoking cats, given that they are "green-eyed creatures who toy with their prey before killing it."

　　伊阿古让奥赛罗对妻子的忠心起了疑心后，说了这个短语。韦氏大词典中写道，伊阿古这么说可能会让人想到猫，因为嫉妒是“绿眼睛的怪物，先玩弄然后再杀死猎物”。

　　现代用法：

　　Now "the green eyed-monster" is an idiomatic expression for the noun "jealousy."

　　现在“绿眼睛的怪物”是“嫉妒”的习惯表达。

　　Source: "Othello," Act 3, Scene 3

　　出处：《奥赛罗》第三幕，第三场

　　"Break the ice"

　　打破坚冰

　　"... And if you break the ice and do this feat,

　　Achieve the elder, set the younger free

　　For our access, whose hap shall be to have her

　　Will not so graceless be to be ingrate."

　　“您要是破了坚冰，

　　娶了他的大女儿，解放了小女儿，

　　给我们开辟出一条路来，无论这幸运落在哪一个人身上，

　　对您老兄总不会不知感激的。” (朱生豪译)

　　莎士比亚用法：

　　Tranio suggests if Petruchio can "break the ice," then he will be able to woo Katherina. By using the "ice" language, Shakespeare makes Katherina seem as cold as ice. Moreover, the fact that the ice needs to be broken suggests that she is hard to reach.

　　特兰尼奥想让批特鲁乔替他“破了坚冰”，然后他就能够向凯萨琳娜求爱。通过这个词组，莎士比亚暗示凯萨琳娜像坚冰一样寒冷，而坚冰之所以需要被破，也说明凯萨琳娜的不近人情。

　　But the first actual usage of "break the ice" probably comes from Sir Thomas North's 1579 translation of "Plutarch's Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans" — although in this case the phrase meant "to forge a path for others to follow," alluding to the breaking of ice to allow the navigation of boats.

　　不过，“破除坚冰”次出现，是在托马斯•诺斯爵士1579 年翻译的普鲁塔克《希腊罗马名人传》，不过在这里，这个词组意味着“为其他人开辟一条道路”，意指通过破冰来让船通过。

　　现代用法：

　　"Break the ice" still means to get to know someone.

　　意思仍然是“开始认识某人”。

　　Source: "The Taming of the Shrew," Act 1, Scene 2

　　出处：《驯悍记》，幕，第二场。

　　"Wear my heart upon my sleeve"

　　直抒胸臆

　　"For when my outward action doth demonstrate

　　The native act and figure of my heart

　　In compliment extern, 'tis not long after

　　But I will wear my heart upon my sleeve

　　For daws to peck at: I am not what I am."

　　“要是我的表面的行动，

　　果然出于内心的自然流露，

　　那么不久我就要掬出我的心来，

　　让乌鸦们乱啄了。世人所知道的我，并不是实在的我。” (朱生豪译)

　　莎士比亚用法：

　　Devious Iago basically says that if his outward appearance reflected what he was thinking, then his heart would be on his sleeve for birds to peck at — which is not a good idea in his eyes. And so he adds that he is actually not what he appears to be.

　　邪恶的伊阿古要说的是，通过他的外表反映了他的思想，那他的心就要让乌鸦们乱啄了。在他看来，这不是一个好主意。所以他又说“世人所知道的我，并不是实在的我。”

　　Notably, Iago's motives for his antagonistic behavior are never fully revealed — so it is interesting that he is the character who has immortalized this phrase.

　　伊阿古这一行为背后的动机从来没有被揭晓，有趣的是，也是他让这个短语流传千古。

　　现代用法：

　　To show one's feelings openly.

　　公开表达某人的感受。

　　Source: "Othello," Act 1, Scene 1

　　出处：《奥赛罗》，幕，场。

　　"All of a sudden"

　　突然之间

　　"I pray, sir, tell me, is it possible That love should of a sodaine take such hold?"

　　“少爷，请您告诉我，难道爱情会这么快就把一个人征服了吗?” (朱生豪译)

　　莎士比亚用法：

　　How Shakespeare uses it: Apparently, Shakespeare might have thought that "all of a sudden" was a more poetic way of saying "suddenly" so he had the character Tranio in "The Taming of the Shrew" say it that way.

　　显然，莎士比亚认为all of a sudden比用suddenly一词更诗意。所以，他让特兰尼奥在《驯悍记》中这么说。

　　Although, Shakespeare wasn't the first to use "sudden" — John Greenwood used it in 1590.

　　不过，莎士比亚不是个用sudden这个词的，约翰•格林伍德在1590年次使用这个词。

　　现代用法：

　　The meaning is the same, although we now spell it "sudden" rather than "sodaine." The word is spelled in the modern way in newer printings of "The Taming of the Shrew."

　　这个词在现代的意义没有变化，只不过现在我们将其拼成sudden，而不是sodaine。在现代新版本的《驯悍记》中，这个词都被改成了现代的拼写方法。

　　Source: "The Taming of the Shrew," Act 1, Scene 1

　　出处：《驯悍记》，幕，场。

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