托福阅读中那些常见的误读词汇

　　托福阅读的词汇量需求很大，不少同学便把备考精力*部放在各种生僻词专业词汇的积累上，但是其实很多时候在托福阅读过程中的理解失误却是由一些常见词汇造成了，各位考生在积累词汇时一定要记住这点*面进步。

　　1. address

　　熟义：n.地址

　　僻义：v.向...致辞, 演说

　　Depending on whom he is addressing, the problems will be different.

　　根据与他谈话的不同对象，问题也有所不同。

　　2. diet

　　熟义：n.饮食习惯

　　僻义：n.减肥,瘦身;议会

　　American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, and has

　　learnt to be more quick-witted.

　　美国的工业已经改变了结构，进行了瘦身，学会了明智。

　　3. cause

　　熟义：n./v.原因，导致

　　僻义：n.事业，理想，*

　　One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory

　　that animals have rights ruling out their use in research.

　　一个这样的事业现在正在寻求终止生物医学的研究，因为有这样一种理论说，动物享有权利禁止它们被用于实验。

　　4. novel

　　熟义：n.小说

　　僻义：adj.新颖的

　　When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to determine its

　　purposes.

　　当一种新的文学理念出现时，人们应该试着去了解它的意图。

　　5. realize

　　熟义：v.意识到

　　僻义：v.实现，发挥

　　Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm "have a duty to die and get out of the way", so that

　　younger,healthier people can realize their potential.

　　据说，Colorado州前州长Richard Lamm曾经说，老年多病者“有责任死去和让位”，以让更年轻、更健康的人们去发挥他们的潜能。

　　6. stop

　　熟义：n./v.停止

　　僻义：n.句号

　　We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs.

　　我们必须大量使用基本词汇，摆脱句号，修饰性形容词及限定动词的羁绊。

　　7. sound

　　熟义：n. 声音, 语音, 噪音 v. 听起来

　　僻义：adj.健*的, 合理的, 有效彻底的, 健康的(soundand safe: 安然无恙)

　　If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.

　　如果我们准备*护大气，关键要让这些新发电厂对环境无害。

　　8. firm

　　熟义：adj. 结实的，稳固的

　　僻义：n. 公司，商号

　　Until California recently passed a law, American firms did not have to tell

　　anyone,even the victim, when data went astray.

　　直到加利福尼亚较近通过了一项法律，美国的公司不必告知任何人信息何时泄露，甚至包括受害人。

　　9. might

　　熟义：may的过去式

　　僻义：n. 力量，威权 (with might and main: 尽*力)

　　The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might.

　　这个浪潮从异常活跃的美国席卷到欧洲，并以不可比拟的威力影响到正在崛起的国家。

　　10. weather

　　熟义：n.天气

　　僻义：v.经受风雨，度过难关

　　This “added-worker effect” could support the safety net offered by

　　unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad

　　times.

　　这种"附加工人效应"可以支持失业*险或残疾*险所给的制度，以帮助家庭渡过困难时期。

　　11. panel

　　熟义：n.仪表板，面板

　　僻义：n.老师小组

　　The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the

　　White House, to tell us that the Earth's atmosphere is definitely warming and

　　that the problem is largely man-made.

　　较近的行动是由白宫召集了一批来自国家科学院的老师团，他们告诉我们，地球气候毫无疑问正在变暖，而这个问题主要是人为造成的。

　　12. keep

　　熟义：v.*持

　　僻义：n.生计

　　Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. That's where Straitford earns its keep.

　　当然公开来源的谍报活动的确有它的风险，因为很难区分正确与错误的信息。这正是Straitford公司赚得生计的地方。

　　13. promise

　　熟义：v./n.*

　　僻义：n.有希望，有前途(promising: (形)有希望的，有前途的)

　　Hofstadter says our country's educational system is in the grips of people who"joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their

　　eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual

　　promise."

　　Hofstadter说，掌握我们国家教育体系的人“沾沾自喜地、霸气十足地公然宣称敌视才学，迫不及待地认同那些看来在才学方面较无前途的宝贝。”

　　14. buy

　　熟义：v.*

　　僻义：v.听信，认同

　　Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.

　　许多美国人相信了这些胡言乱语，在三十多年中，差不多有一千万烟民早早的进了坟墓。

　　15. catch

　　熟义：v.抓住

　　僻义：n.捕获，捕获量

　　That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the

　　real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes.

　　这意味着可以捕获更多的海洋生物，所以现在和过去的真正差距可能会比之前在捕获区记录的数据所体现出的更糟糕。

　　16. game

　　熟义：n.游戏,比赛

　　僻义：n.猎物

　　The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction.

　　但大部分的，成长缓慢的动物则成了狩猎的*，并且很快被狩猎到灭绝。

　　17. slip

　　熟义：v.滑倒

　　僻义：n.纸片

　　Nowa pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family

　　from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.

　　如今，一份解雇通知书、一个不利的诊断结果或者配偶的去世都可能在几个月之内将一个家庭从稳定的中产阶层家庭降格成为一个新贫困家庭。

　　18. tap

　　熟义：v.轻拍，n. 水龙头，栓头

　　僻义：v.开发

　　In the first year or so of Web business, most of the action has revolved

　　around efforts to tap the consumer market.

　　大约在网上交易的*年当中，大部分业务活动都是围绕着努力开发消费者市场来进行的。

　　19. ground

　　熟义：n.地面

　　僻义：n.根据，依据(on the ground that…)

　　Rail roads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the

　　grounds that in the long run it reduces everyone's cost.

　　铁路公司对“被控”客户进行区别对待的依据是，从长远来看，这样做会降低所有人的成本。

　　20. lean

　　熟义：v.倚靠, 倾斜

　　僻义：adj.瘦的, 贫乏的, 歉收的

　　They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over)—lean, pointed,dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre.

　　消瘦、率直、专注的脸庞，穿着牛仔裤和便鞋，吃着小圆面包，在剧场外的石板上过夜。

　　21. anchor

　　熟义：n.锚

　　僻义：n.主持人，主播

　　Fast-foodeaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling.

　　快餐食客、新闻主播、发短信的人，都在笑啊笑啊。

　　22. chair

　　熟义：n.椅子

　　僻义：v./n.主持，主席

　　Former surgeon general C.Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his

　　80s.

　　前卫生局医务主任C.Everett Koop 80来岁还出任了一个互联网公司的总裁。

　　23. nature

　　熟义：n.自然

　　僻义：n.天性，本质，本性(human nature 人性)

　　Thejury agreed that the nature of the game, not the helmet, was the reason for the athlete's injury.

　　陪审团也认为造成该运动员受伤的是这项运动本身的危险性，而不是头盔。

　　24. spell

　　熟义：v.拼写

　　僻义：n.一段时间

　　Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.

　　虽然一开始在20世纪60年代和70年代有过一段乐观的时期——那时候仿佛晶体管电路和微处理器的发展将使他们在2010年能够模仿人类大脑的活动——但是较近研究人员已经开始将这个预测延后数十年，甚至数百年。

　　25. stress

　　熟义：n.压力

　　僻义：v.强调

　　While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity

　　and self-expression.

　　虽然日本的教育因强调基础知识而经常受到外国人的赞扬，但是它往往强调考试和机械学习，而不重视创造性和自我表现。

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