托福阅读词汇
题小结，很多考生不明白的是，明明掌握了那么多词汇，为什么还是考不好
托福阅读呢，想要弄明白这个问题，就要先了解托福阅读考察什么内容，想必很多同学的*反应是就是词汇量丰富与否，然而答案是否定的，如果仅仅靠词汇量那么久反应不出来学生们真正的水平和托福的真谛，不信下面们看几个题目就明白了。
例1
Wind pollination does,of course,require a lot of pollen.Birch and hazel trees can produce 5.5 and 4 million grains per catkin,respectively.There are various adaptations to help as much of the pollen go as far as possible.Most deciduous wind-pollinated trees(which shed their leaves every fall)produce their pollen in the spring while the branches are bare of leaves to reduce the surrounding surfaces that“compete"with the stigmas(the part of the flower that receives the pollen)for pollen.Evergreen conifers,which do not shed their leaves,have less to gain from spring flowering,and,indeed,some flower in the autumn or winter.
The word"respectively"in the passage is closest in meaning to
A.over time
B.separately
C.in that order
D.consistently
TPO 45 Wind Pollination
相信大家对于这题或多或少有些疑惑？明明是按照同义词选择了B，为什么会错误呢？下面们一起来看一下OG中对于词汇题的说明～
Vocabulary Questions
These questions ask you to identify the meanings of individual words and phrases as they are used in the reading passage(a word might have more than one meaning,but in the reading passage,only one of those meanings is relevant.)Vocabulary is chosen as it actually occurs in the passage.There is no“list of words"that must be tested.Usually a word or phrase is chosen to be tested as a vocabulary item because understanding that word or phrase is important to understanding a large or important part of the passage…
提取一下关键信息，们会发现词汇题的重点在于：要求考生确定文章中个别单词或短语的具体意思，一个单词可能会有多个意思，但是在阅读文章中只有一个意思与原文相符；也就是说们要选择的实际上是在特定语境下相互替换词。
们再来一起看一道词汇题加深一下理解：
例2
Another major discovery was made in Egypt in 1989.Several skeletons of another early whale,Basilosaurus,were found in sediments left by the Tethys Sea and now exposed in the Sahara desert.This whale lived around 40 million years ago,12 million years after Pakicetus.Many incomplete skeletons were found but they included,for the first time in an archaeocyte,a complete hind leg that features a foot with three tiny toes.Such legs would have been far too small to have supported the 50-foot-long Basilosaurus on land.Basilosaurus was undoubtedly a fully marine whale with possibly nonfunctional,or vestigial,hind legs.
The word“exposed”in the passage is closest in meaning to
A.explained
B.visible
C.identified
D.located
OG:The Origins of Cetaceans
不少同学看到这题就会觉得很纠结，如果按照找单词同义词的思路来，那么这题选不出选项，没有一个单词和“暴露”是同义词。OG中对于这道题的解释是这样的：The correct answer is choice 2,“visible.”Exposed means“uncovered."A skeleton that is uncovered can be seen.Visible means“can be seen.”exposed和visible抛去文本仅看单词，确实称不上是同义词，但是们会发现，在这个段落的语境之下，他俩确实又可以相互替换，表达了相同的句子意思。这就是们所强调的特定语境下相互替换词。
了解了以上内容之后，请大家看回例1：
例1
Wind pollination does,of course,require a lot of pollen.Birch and hazel trees can produce 5.5 and 4 million grains per catkin,respectively.There are various adaptations to help as much of the pollen go as far as possible.Most deciduous wind-pollinated trees(which shed their leaves every fall)produce their pollen in the spring while the branches are bare of leaves to reduce the surrounding surfaces that“compete"with the stigmas(the part of the flower that receives the pollen)for pollen.Evergreen conifers,which do not shed their leaves,have less to gain from spring flowering,and,indeed,some flower in the autumn or winter.
The word"respectively"in the passage is closest in meaning to
A.over time
B.separately
C.in that order
D.consistently
TPO 45 Wind Pollination
们会发现在这个语境中，强调的意思就是birch产生的是5.5million，hazel产生的是4million，数字的顺序就对应着前面两种树的出现顺序，那么这种时候答案选择C而不是B也就不难理解了。综上所述，大家务必切记，词汇题也务必结合语境～
有了以上新视角之后，让们再来尝试一下几个难度比较大的词汇题，切记要结合语境～
The event that precipitated the break with the mother country was the revolution of 1820 in Portugal.The Portuguese revolutionaries framed a liberal constitution for the kingdom,but they were conservative or reactionary in relation to Brazil.They demanded the immediate return of King Joao to Lisbon,an end to the system of dual monarchy that he had devised,and the restoration of the Portuguese commercial monopoly.Timid and vacillating,King Joao did not know which way to turn.Under the pressure of his courtiers,who hungered to return to Portugal and their lost estates,he finally approved the new constitution and sailed for Portugal.He left behind him,however,his son and heir,Pedro,and in a private letter advised him that in the event the Brazilians should demand independence,he should assume leadership of the movement and set the crown of Brazil on his head.
The word"precipitated"in the passage is closest in meaning to
A.came before
B.brought about
C.resulted from
D.slowed down
Population II stars date to the early stages of the universe.Formed when the cosmos was filled with hydrogen and helium gases,they initially contained virtually no heavy elements.They shine until their fusible material is exhausted.When Population II stars die,their material is spread out into space.Some of this dust is eventually incorporated into newly formed Population I stars.Though Population I stars consist mostly of hydrogen and helium gas,they also contain heavy elements(heavier than helium),which comprise about 1 or 2 percent of their mass.These heavier materials are fused from the lighter elements that the stars have collected.Thus,Population I stars contain material that once belonged to stars from previous generations.The Sun is a good example of a Population I star.
The word"virtually"in the passage is closest in meaning to
A.absolutely
B.usually
C.almost
D.as a result
悄悄告诉大家，上面两题正确答案：B、C，你做对了么？
托福阅读词汇题小结，所以说托福阅读不止和词汇量有关，也和很多因素有关，你们都知道了吗？
